FTX Fraud: Who Are Sam Bankman-Fried’s Biggest Victims?

FTX and its affiliated buying and selling agency Alameda Analysis have been uncovered. A November 2 CoinDesk article revealing Alameda’s troubled funds put a sequence of occasions in movement that ultimately uncovered FTX as bancrupt.

Former FTX CEO Sam Bankman-Fried secretly used buyer funds to bail out FTX’s sister firm Alameda Analysis, leading to an estimated $10 billion gap within the change’s books. To make issues worse, Bankman-Fried lined up his fraudulent actions for months, leaving buyers, clients, and even his personal staff at nighttime proper up till FTX declared chapter on November 10. 

Within the aftermath of arguably essentially the most earth-shattering deception in crypto historical past, Crypto Briefing takes a have a look at who and what has misplaced essentially the most from Sam Bankman-Fried’s monumental grift. 

Enterprise Capital

Throughout its heyday, FTX attracted big investments from among the most outstanding and well-funded enterprise capital corporations on the earth. 

In July 2021, the change raised $900 million at an $18 billion valuation from over 60 buyers, together with crypto heavyweights comparable to Coinbase Ventures, Sequoia Capital, and Paradigm, and others. Many of those buyers additionally doubled down on FTX throughout its final funding spherical in January 2022, which valued the corporate at an eye-watering $32 billion. 

FTX’s raises stood out from these of different crypto corporations via participation from high-ranking non-crypto enterprise corporations. Softbank, VanEck, and Temasek all purchased FTX fairness throughout one of many firm’s many funding rounds. Based on Crunchbase data, FTX offered fairness totaling roughly $1.8 billion over its three years in operation. Now the corporate is bankrupt and owes billions to collectors, FTX shares are nearly actually nugatory. 

On the time of its collapse, the three largest FTX stakeholders had been Sequoia Capital at 1.1% and Temasek and Paradigm, every with 1%. In complete, these three enterprise corporations invested a mixed $620 million into FTX. 

Moreover, many enterprise corporations that invested in FTX additionally used its companies to carry money and crypto belongings. Nevertheless, solely a handful of those corporations have publicly disclosed their further FTX publicity. On November 9, Galaxy Digital CEO Mike Novogratz told CNBC that his agency had $76.8 million of money and digital belongings deposited on FTX on the time of its collapse, though he acknowledged that his agency was within the technique of withdrawing $47.5 million of that quantity. Nevertheless, In gentle of the corruption uncovered through the change’s remaining days, it appears unlikely FTX honored this withdrawal. 

Multicoin Capital, one other outstanding FTX fairness investor, reported that it had 10% of its complete belongings below administration trapped on FTX earlier than the change declared chapter. Crunchbase information reveals Multicoin had raised $605 million via three separate funds, implying that it misplaced a minimum of $60 million from its publicity to FTX. 

As many enterprise corporations haven’t any obligation to reveal the precise quantities of their investments and losses publicly, it’s arduous to understand how a lot they collectively misplaced from the FTX meltdown. Nevertheless, with the proof at hand, VC losses seem like effectively into the billions. 

The Solana Ecosystem 

Sam Bankman-Fried’s FTX empire was closely entwined with the Solana ecosystem, and the high-throughput blockchain is struggling significantly consequently. 

When Solana skilled a increase on the again of the choice Layer 1 narrative in August 2021, its native SOL token, together with many Solana ecosystem tokens soared in worth. One such challenge was Serum, a Solana-based central restrict order e book change, through which Bankman-Fried was a co-founder and Alameda Analysis invested. 

Whereas Serum initially soared in worth, its predatory tokenomics, which gave big quantities of its native SRM token to early buyers like Alameda, brought about its worth to bleed. Regardless of dumping big quantities of SRM onto the market all through the 2021 bull run, Alameda nonetheless held over two billion tokens as collateral towards loans on the time of its chapter. Moreover, Alameda and FTX each held massive SOL positions, which may also face liquidation. Now FTX and Alameda are bankrupt, these tokens will nearly actually be offered on the open market, driving costs additional down. 

FTX’s involvement with Solana went past selling the blockchain and investing in its protocols. To assist bootstrap DeFi adoption, FTX additionally created Solana-based wrapped Bitcoin and Ethereum tokens backed by its reserves. 

Each wrapped tokens had been broadly used throughout the Solana DeFi ecosystem. Nevertheless, because it grew to become obvious that FTX was going through a liquidity crunch, FTX-backed wrapped Bitcoin and Ethereum started to de-peg. After FTX declared voluntary chapter on November 11, these tokens plummeted because it was clear FTX now not held any actual Bitcoin and Ethereum in reserve. Over the previous week, Solana wrapped Bitcoin has fallen 93% to $1,363 and wrapped Ethereum 83% to $257. Presently, there’s little hope that both asset will return to peg. 

One remaining method FTX has broken Solana is thru Alameda Analysis’s investments in ecosystem tasks. A number of corroborating reviews point out that below the phrases of funding, protocols had been required or closely incentivized to custody their treasuries on FTX. This apply not solely left many tasks excessive and dry after FTX’s chapter but in addition fed into the broader fraud happening on the change. By requiring tasks to maintain their funds on FTX, Alameda might partially make investments right into a challenge however obtain again the overall sum of that challenge’s elevate. As was revealed when FTX went bankrupt, buyer funds deposited onto the change had been being utilized in investments by Alameda. 

The Clients

Whereas enterprise capital corporations and FTX-backed tasks have suffered from Sam Bankman-Fried’s years-long rip-off, finally, the common buyer is the most important loser in the entire debacle. Many FTX customers misplaced their life financial savings believing that the change was protected. Endorsements from Shark Tank’s Kevin O’Leary and Jim Cramer evaluating Bankman-Fried to J.P. Morgan additionally helped engender belief within the change. 

It’s arduous to estimate how a lot clients holding funds on FTX misplaced as reports vary, however the quantity is prone to be within the billions. The determine will doubtless have been made worse by Bankman-Fried’s since-deleted tweets within the lead-up to FTX’s chapter. The previous FTX CEO assured customers that belongings held on the change had been absolutely backed at 1:1, dissuading customers from withdrawing funds. In hindsight, these tweets turned out to be bald-faced lies. 

But it surely wasn’t simply Bankman-Fried and his “inside circle” of FTX staff who betrayed Clients—U.S. regulators who labored intently with the change and gave it lenience are additionally culpable. U.S. Securities and Change Fee Chair Gary Gensler devoted his group’s assets to go after extra minor, much less important DeFi protocols for enforcement motion whereas the most important fraud lately operated proper below his nostril. Possible, Bankman-Fried’s standing as a serious political donor and his lively engagement with drafting crypto regulation aided him in pulling the wool over the SEC’s eyes. 

The shortage of regulatory readability from regulators just like the SEC additionally helped push U.S. crypto customers onto unregulated abroad exchanges like FTX.com. If the SEC had as a substitute labored with crypto business stakeholders within the U.S. to draft honest, complete laws early, this complete scenario might have been prevented or a minimum of decreased in its severity. 

Just like the Mt. Gox hack earlier than it, the FTX fraud will doubtless tarnish the business’s popularity with the present cohort of crypto-curious buyers. Many who’ve been burned won’t return. But it surely’s additionally vital to search for a silver lining in instances of darkness. It’s higher that the rot within the crypto business be uncovered now moderately than sooner or later when extra is on the road. Whereas it could appear bleak now, in the long term, crypto will probably be stronger for having crooks like Bankman-Fried rooted out early, even when the fee is expensive.  

Disclosure: On the time of writing, the creator of this piece owned ETH, BTC, SOL, and a number of other different crypto belongings.